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农村住房建设对国家而言几乎没有任何影响，家庭储蓄甚至可以建立私人所有权。通过允许从当地制造商和工匠购买建筑材料，自建房屋建设在农村普遍存在。私有财产可以追溯到20世纪50年代的农业改革，没有成功地建立集体居住区，但重申了私人财产是家庭工作表达的概念。他们是农民的家园 – 由国内储蓄继承或建造。华北四合院是一种住房形式，是建筑形式与社会，经济，文化需求和习惯长期相互作用的结果。建造一个新的四合院的任务需要了解和参与北京农村的生活方式。在设计过程之前，对具体建筑类型，建筑环境，社会和历史背景以及最终新用途的要求进行扩展分析是绝对必要的。在初步研究中，该房旧址及其以前的建筑物通过图形重建进行回溯和记录以了解其布局和功能。从20世纪50年代开始的时间表揭示了老房旧址和建筑物的不同状态和变化。四合院最重要的特征之一是其适应增长和变化的灵活性。
▼建筑历史状态沿革，evolution of architectural history
此项目是建造一座新的四合院，方法是提起庭院并在底楼的便利店创造一个空间。地面层被降低了，并且一个新的混凝土楼板放置在现有房屋的楼上。按照传统的房间布局，按照风水的原则建造，新的平面图仿照华北典型的四合院。必须特别注意布局的角度和框架，柱子和门窗的位置以满足所有要求。该建筑物位于南北向的地块上，正房朝南。大门根据传统布局位于东南角。天花板的高度和间距必须遵循特定的等级。高架庭院的布局是内向的，以确保庭院和相邻房屋的隐私。
The objective was to build a new courtyard house, by lifting the courtyard and creating a space for a convenience store on the ground floor. The ground floor level was lowered and a new concrete slab poured inside the existing building for the upper floor. To follow traditional room layouts and build according to the principles of Feng Shui, the new floor plan was modeled on the typical courtyard house in North China. Special attention had to be paid to the angle and grid of the layout, the positioning of columns and openings to meet all requirements. The building is arranged on a North-South oriented lot, with the main pavilion facing South. The access gate is situated in the South-East corner according to traditional layouts. Ceiling heights and spacing had to follow a specific hierarchy. The layout of the elevated courtyard is introverted to ensure privacy in the courtyard and that of adjacent houses.
▼位于东南角的建筑入口，entrance at southeast corner
▼细部，便利店落地窗，details, windows of convenience store
蓝色或灰色砖在北京和中国东北地区历史上盛行，但由于种种原因越来越少使用了。今天，廉价红砖主要用于自建房屋。两种不同砖色的立面设计消除了对比并创造了平衡。此外，红砖上可见的焦痕会合并两种色调。
The blue or grey brick is historically prevalent in Beijing and the northeastern region of China, but is less and less used for various reasons nowadays. Cheaper red bricks are mostly used in self-built housing today. The facade design with two different brick colors dissipates the contrast and creates a balance. Moreover, visible scorch marks on red bricks merge the two tones.
▼从二层平台看向建筑，looking at the building from platform
▼两种不同砖色的立面设计消除了对比并创造了平衡，The facade design with two different brick colors dissipates the contrast and creates a balance
▼墙面细部，红砖上可见的焦痕合并两种色调，wall details, visible scorch marks on red bricks merge the two tones
▼新建筑体量与原建筑的关系，the relationship between the volume of new building and the original building
▼二层室内空间，second floor interior view
▼卧室，bedroom
▼楼梯，stairs
立面砖砌的孔洞营造了细碎而美丽的光影，The brick holes in the facade create marvelous shadows
▼卫生间，wash room
Project name: Peach House
Architect: Frederic Schnee
Website: www.fredericschnee.com
Contact: E-Mail schnee.frederic@gmail.com
Project Location: Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Completion Year: 2018
Gross Built Area: 320m2
Lead Architect: Frederic Schnee
Other Participants: Wang Ruijun, Feng Shu, Mintong
Photo Credits: Frederic Schnee |
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发表于 2018-9-12 15:28:11
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